7 Then came the day of Unleavened Bread, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 8 So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat it.” 9 They said to him, “Where will you have us prepare it?” 10 He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him into the house that he enters 11 and tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?’ 12 And he will show you a large upper room furnished; prepare it there.” 13 And they went and found it just as he had told them, and they prepared the Passover.
Institution of the Lord's Supper
14 And when the hour came, he reclined at table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 17 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he said, “Take this, and divide it among yourselves. 18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 19 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 20 And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. 21 But behold, the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table. 22 For the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” 23 And they began to question one another, which of them it could be who was going to do this. Luke 22: 7-23 ESV
Luke 22: 7-23
…17So you are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your divisions out of the land of Egypt. You must keep this day as a permanent statute for the generations to come. 18In the first month you are to eat unleavened bread, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19For seven days there must be no leaven found in your houses. If anyone eats something leavened, that person, whether a foreigner or native of the land, must be cut off from the congregation of Israel.… Exodus 12: 17-19
Then came the day of Unleavened Bread - The start of the Passover Week.
Darrell Bock gives an excellent summary of this next section - Luke loves meals. This is his seventh meal scene; it is also one of his most dramatic (see Luke 5:29-32; Luke 7:36-50; Luke 9:12-17; Luke 10:38-42; Luke 11:37-54; Luke 14:1-24; two more remain, Luke 24:28-32, Luke 24:36-43). At the dinner table friends can enjoy fellowship and reflect on events. Such an intimate occasion is the setting for Jesus' final words to his disciples. Added to the intimacy of the scene is its timing. A Passover meal is being celebrated (vv. Luke 22:7-9).During the celebration of God's saving of Israel, Jesus will discuss his sacrifice on behalf of his disciples. It will be a meal to remember, not only because this event forms the basis of the Lord's Supper but also because Jesus predicts a betrayal, defines true leadership, promises authority to the eleven, predicts Peter's failure and warns of coming rejection. Even as he faces death, Jesus serves by preparing others for their task. (Luke 22:1-38 Betrayal and a Farewell)
Then came the first day of Unleavened Bread on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed - Remember that Luke has already told us that the term day of Unleavened Bread is synonymous with the Passover. So this day is the Passover, Nisan 14 (Ex 12:6; Lev 23:5, 6) the day when the lambs had to be sacrificed. The actual Feast of Unleavened Bread followed for the next 7 days (Nisan 15-21).
Passover (Lk 22:1, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15)(3957)(pascha) depending on the context refers to the Passover lamb (Lk 22:7), the Passover meal (Lk 22:8), or the festival of Passover (Lk 22:1). - Precept Austin
Jesus sent Peter and John - These were in Jesus' inner circle, and there was a need to keep this quiet, the place to remain unknown to others because there was a traitor in their midst.
A man carrying a jar of water will meet you - Just like God provided the Ram in the thicket, the donkey upon which Jesus made His Messianic entry, so now there is a room dedicated for this very sacred meal. It is to be a place a setting foundational to the churches history and her doctrines.
John MacArthur helps understand the difference between John and the Synoptic Gospels
The chronological reckoning between John's gospel and the synoptics presents a challenge, especially in relation to the time of the Last Supper (John 13:2). While the synoptics portray the disciples and the Lord at the Last Supper as eating the Passover meal on Thursday evening (Nisan 14) and Jesus being crucified on Friday, John's gospel states that the Jews did not enter into the Praetorium "so that they would not be defiled, but might eat the Passover" (John 18:28). So, the disciples had eaten the Passover on Thursday evening, but the Jews had not. In fact, John (John 19:14) states that Jesus' trial and crucifixion were on the day of Preparation for the Passover and not after the eating of the Passover, so that with the trial and crucifixion on Friday Christ was actually sacrificed at the same time the Passover lambs were being slain (John 19:14). The question is, "Why did the disciples eat the Passover meal on Thursday?"
The answer lies in a difference among the Jews in the way they reckoned the beginning and ending of days. From Josephus, the Mishna, and other ancient Jewish sources we learn that the Jews in northern Palestine calculated days from sunrise to sunrise. That area included the region of Galilee, where Jesus and all the disciples, except Judas, had grown up. Apparently most, if not all, of the Pharisees used that system of reckoning. But Jews in the southern part, which centered in Jerusalem, calculated days from sunset to sunset. Because all the priests necessarily lived in or near Jerusalem, as did most of the Sadducees, those groups followed the southern scheme.
That variation doubtlessly caused confusion at times, but it also had some practical benefits. During Passover time, for instance, it allowed for the feast to be celebrated legitimately on two adjoining days, thereby permitting the temple sacrifices to be made over a total period of four hours rather than two. That separation of days may also have had the effect of reducing both regional and religious clashes between the two groups.
On that basis the seeming contradictions in the gospel accounts are easily explained. Being Galileans, Jesus and the disciples considered Passover day to have started at sunrise on Thursday and to end at sunrise on Friday. The Jewish leaders who arrested and tried Jesus, being mostly priests and Sadducees, considered Passover day to begin at sunset on Thursday and end at sunset on Friday. By that variation, predetermined by God's sovereign provision, Jesus could thereby legitimately celebrate the last Passover meal with His disciples and yet still be sacrificed on Passover day.
Once again one can see how God sovereignly and marvelously provides for the precise fulfillment of His redemptive plan. Jesus was anything but a victim of men's wicked schemes, much less of blind circumstance. Every word He spoke and every action He took were divinely directed and secured. Even the words and actions by others against Him were divinely controlled. See, e.g., John 11:49-52; 19:11. (Interpretative Difficulties) (See another discussion by MacArthur in his sermon on Mt 26:17-19 The Last Passover Part 1) - Precept Austin
Before I suffer - Again He makes known to them His coming persecution, His death. The human mind is a fragile place though, even in the presence of much evidence to the truth, it will seek out a different ending for what has already been written. The disciples are not very receptive of this, and when it happens they will scatter like sheep, and Peter will even deny Christ 3 times.
21Jesus strictly warned them not to tell this to anyone. 22“The Son of Man must suffer many things,” He said. “He must be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.” 23Then Jesus said to all of them, “If anyone wants to come after Me, he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow Me.… Luke 9: 21-23
21From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life. 22 Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. “Far be it from You, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to You!” 23But Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to Me. For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”… Matthew 16: 21-23
V. 18 I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the Kingdom of God comes - This points to a future Kingdom, an abstinence from this by Jesus till then. Hence the Last Supper of the present age.
…43As you saw the iron mixed with clay, so the peoples will mix with one another, but will not hold together any more than iron mixes with clay. 44In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will shatter all these kingdoms and bring them to an end, but will itself stand forever. 45And just as you saw a stone being cut out of the mountain without human hands, and it shattered the iron, bronze, clay, silver, and gold, so the great God has told the king what will happen in the future. The dream is true, and its interpretation is trustworthy.”… Daniel 2: 43-45
For I say to you, I shall never again eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God" - The key word is "until" which is an expression of time that means something will continue to happen up to a point and then it will not happen. In this context until is used with a negative (never = literally a strong double negative in Greek, ou me, absolutely never) to emphasize the moment in time after which the rest of your statement becomes true. In other words the glorious truth is that in the coming Kingdom of God which Messiah sets up when He returns as Victorious King of kings, all believers will join with Him in celebration of the Passover feast. While this could represent only the marriage supper of the Lamb, some believe it will be a continual feast throughout eternity. We will have to wait and see! (Rev 19:9+ - see note below) (See Marriage of the Lamb) Of course there are commentaries that do not accept a Messianic earthly Kingdom (i.e., amillennialists) but interpret Jesus as speaking of a heavenly kingdom. I sometimes wonder what the amillennialist do with passages like Ezekiel 45:21 which clearly states "In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you shall have the Passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten." Ezekiel 40-48 describes the time of the Millennium thus the Passover will be celebrated in the Millennial Kingdom.
The actual word "again" is not in the Greek text, so the ESV has a more accurate "For I tell you I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God." You may be asking, "Well so what? Does that make any difference in what Jesus is saying?" Some have reasoned that what Jesus is saying is that while He longed to eat it (Lk 22:15), He would not do it at this time. Darrell Bock writes that "This subtle view seems unnecessary, especially since Luke 22:16, 18 suggest that Jesus did eat this meal (Fitzmyer 1985: 1396)." (Baker Exegetical Commentary) In a similar way when we compare Jesus' words about drinking wine in Mt 26:29, He clearly states "I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father's Kingdom." The phrase "from now on" surely indicates He did partake of the wine, and it would simply make no sense to suggest He partook of the wine and not the bread at this, His last Passover.
What the Bible teaches - He did not say, "I will not eat", but "I will not ... eat thereof" i.e. of the Passover; for after He had risen, He ate a broiled piece of fish and a piece of honeycomb as powerful evidence to His disciples that He was truly alive (Lk 24:42+). The next time that He will partake of it will be with a redeemed Israel when the kingdom of God is manifested. (What the Bible teaches – Luke) - Precept Austin
V. 19 This is My body - He is tying the Passover to Himself, that was the point of the representation, it was all a story about Him. Note, He says, "do this in remembrance of Me", the bread and the wine do not become Him anymore than the unleavened bread, the lamb or the Ram in the bush. There are some cults like Roman Catholicism that teach that the bread and wine become His actual body and blood in a really bad doctrine called transubstantiation. Every lamb that was slain in the OT showed the wages of sin, that the penalty for sin was death, and it taught the need of a substitutionary atonement, the innocent for the guilty. Jesus death was once and for all.
…9For we know that since Christ was raised from the dead, He cannot die again; death no longer has dominion over Him. 10 The death He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life He lives, He lives to God. 11So you too must count yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.… Romans 6: 9-11
The New Covenant in My blood - Abraham had a covenant with God, a unilateral covenant wherein he killed animals, split them into pieces leaving a path between them. In such a covenant the two parties walk between the animals, a covenant of blood, but instead Abraham fell to sleep and God walked through the halves alone. He was the initiator and the fulfiller. Men, fallen as we are, cannot reconcile ourselves to God, we cannot hold up our end, therefore God must become a Man, Christ, in order to satisfy the covenant. In the Mosaic Covenant of the Law, "do this and you shall live", man proves himself incapable. We need a Savior.
The hand of him who betrays Me - We all of course know this to be Judas now, and the name itself has fallen out of popularity because it has become synonymous with traitor. It was a popular name before because of a Jewish hero, Judas Maccabeus.
…4because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. 5Therefore, when Christ came into the world, He said: “Sacrifice and offering You did not desire, but a body You prepared for Me. 6In burnt offerings and sin offerings You took no delight.… Hebrews :-
…13And again: “I will put My trust in Him.” And once again: “Here am I, and the children God has given Me.” 14Now since the children have flesh and blood, He too shared in their humanity, so that by His death He might destroy him who holds the power of death, that is, the devil, 15and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.… Hebrews 2: 13-15
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